Nicotine
- Increases heartbeat rate and blood pressure
- Increases risk of blood clots in the arteries, which leads to increased risk of coronary heart disease.
- Increases the risk of arteries to narrow
- In a pregnant mother, narrow arteries decrease the amount of food substances reaching the fetus, thereby affecting fetal development and may cause miscarriage.
Carbon Monoxide
- Reduces ability of blood to transport oxygen as carbon monoxide binds permanently with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin → which reduces the ability of RBC to transport oxygen and so reduces the ability of cells to carry out aerobic respiration
- Thus there will be less haemoglobin available to transport oxygen.
- In a pregnant mother, less oxygen reaches fetus through placenta which may affect fetal development
- Increases risk of coronary heart disease. Coronary Heart Disease
Important
carbon monoxide only reduces the ability to transport , doesn’t completely inhibit it
Tar
- Increases risk of cancer in lungs as tar can cause uncontrolled cell division
- Increases risk of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Tar paralysis the cilia lining the air passages.
- Hence dust particles trapped in mucus lining cannot be removed.
- also causes increased mucous production.