Sublimation: directly change from solid to gas
- Thermal energy from surroundings → transferred to solids → resulting in substance converting from solid to gas
- Temperature remains constant until all substance is in gaseous state (means that melting point = boiling point)
- There is sufficient energy to overcome the very strong forces of attraction in the solid state, as well the strong forces of attraction in the liquid state, causing the substance to turn from solid to gas. (solid CO2, iodine)
Vapor deposition
- Particles in gas → cooled until they slow down and arrange themselves directly into solid state.
- Temperature remains constant during VD, until all gas has become a solid.