Function of Carbohydrates
- substrate for respiration to provide energy for cell activities(immediate source of energy)
- Formation of nucleic acids - DNA
- form supporting structures - cell walls in plants
- converted to other organic compounds like proteins and fats
- synthesize lubricants ⇒ mucus ⇒ which is made up of a carbohydrate and a protein
- synthesize nectar in some flowers
Functions of Proteins
- Synthesis of new cytoplasm for growth and repair of worn out body cells
- Synthesizes enzymes and some hormones
- formation of antibodies to combat diseases*
Functions of Fats
- source and long term storage form of energy
- suitable for long term storage as fats have higher energy value compared to proteins and carbohydrates (2 times more)
- Insulating materials that reduce excessive heat loss
- animals, example seal ⇒ have a thick layer of fat beneath their skin called blubber to reduce loss of body heat
- Solvent for fat soluble vitamins and other vital substances like hormones
- essential part of cells, especially cell membranes
- way to reduce water loss from skin surface; glands in skin secrete an oily substance
- oily substance forms a thin layer over the skin surface → reduce water loss by evaporation
- Oily substance also reduces rate of heat loss from the skin