What is a salt
since all Salts are ionic compounds, you need knowledge of common ions to write chemical equations: Common Substances
Definition
Salt is an ionic compound which is made by the reactions of acids with metals, carbonates, or bases, or alkalis. In these reactions, when 1 or more hydrogen ions of an acid is replaced by a metallic ion or an ammonium ion, salt is formed. #ChemistryDefinitions
Solubility of Salts (Must Memorize)
| Soluble Salts | Insoluble Salts (And Exceptions) |
|---|---|
| (all salts of group 1 metals) - all sodium salts - all potassium salts - all ammonium Salts - all Nitrates | - |
| All Chlorides/iodides and ammonium chloride | silver chloride/iodide lead(II)chloride/iodide |
| All Sulfates and Ammonium Sulfate | Lead(II)sulfate barium sulfate Calcium sulfate (sparingly soluble) |
| (all group 1 metal carbonates) sodium carbonate potassium carbonate ammonium carbonate | All carbonates |
| group 1 hydroxides some group 2 hydroxides like barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide | All hydroxides |
| physical state at R.T.P:” |
- water soluble salt:
- solid if not dissolved in water
- aqueous if dissolved in water
- salt that is insoluble
- solid state.
Salts are ionic compounds → so they have similar properties to that of ionic compounds
- there are good conductors of electricity in molten and aqueous state. *
(all the information can be found at: Properties of Ionic Compounds
Important
if a carbonate can dissolve in water, its bicarbonate can also dissolve in water
Deciding How a salt can be prepared
Factors to Consider:
- solubility of salt in water
- solubility of starting materials in water*
**If the salt is soluble > it is usually prepared from reaction of acids. if it is insoluble > it is usually prepared by Precipitation Method for Preparing Salts
titration: group 1 ppt: insoluble salts acid + excess: grp 2/grp 13 / transition metal salts
Link to Flowchart: Method for Preparing Salt
Preparing salt by reaction of an acid with excess insoluble substance
Preparing Salt by reaction of acid with an excess insoluble substance
Preparing Salt by Titration
Titration method for preparing salts